Direct Immobilization of Engineered Nanobodies on Gold Sensors

Single-domain antibodies, known as nanobodies, have great potential biorecognition elements for sensors because of their small size, affinity, specificity, and robustness. However, facile efficient methods nanobody immobilization are sought that retain maximum functionality. Herein, we describe the direct nanobodies on gold by exploiting a modified cysteine strategically positioned at C-terminal end nanobody. The experimental data based secondary ion mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, surface plasmon resonance, taken together with detailed computational work (molecular dynamics simulations), support formation stable well-oriented monolayers. Furthermore, structure activity is preserved, wherein immobilized high density (approximately 1 per 13 nm2). strategy spontaneous self-assembly simple effective possesses exceptional to be used in numerous sensing platforms, ranging from clinical diagnosis environmental monitoring.